Recovery of lithium, cobalt and other metals from lithium-ion batteries

Authors : Oktay CELEP, Ersin Yener YAZICI, Hacı DEVECİ, Christie DORFLING

Pages : 384-400

View : 60 | Download : 54

Publication Date : 2023-08-31

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :Wastes with high metal content are an important secondary source. Utilisation of these wastes is important offering environmental and economic advantages as well as the conservation of natural resources. Due to the widespread use of portable electrical and electronic devices insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(mobile phones, laptops, video cameras, etc.); and electric cars, the consumption of lithium and cobalt, which are used as main components in lithium-ion batteries/batteries insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(LIB);, has increased. Because LIBs contain lithium insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1.5-7%);, cobalt insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(5-20%);, manganese insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(15-20%);, copper insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(8-10%);, aluminium insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(5-8%);, and nickel insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(5-10%);, they are considered as an important secondary source. Industrially, mechanical pretreatment, pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods as alone or in combination are used to recover metals from waste LIBs. After mechanical pretreatment and physical separation processes, hydrometallurgical methods, including solution purification, precipitation and solvent extraction methods, are used after leaching with inorganic such as H2SO4, HCI and HNO3 or organic acids. In this study, processes for recovery of metals from LIBs are discussed with a critical review of studies carried out on this. In addition, flowsheets of industrial applications for lithium/cobalt recovery in the world are presented.
Keywords : Li ion battery, Recycling, Hydrometallurgy, Leaching, Lithium, Cobalt