Does Dry or Fresh Bee Bread Contain Clinically Significant, and Antimicrobial Agents Resistant Microorganisms?

Authors : Fatma MUTLU SARIGUZEL, Sibel SİLİCİ, Ayşe Nedret KOÇ, Pınar SAĞIROĞLU, Bedia DİNÇ

Pages : 534-545

Doi:10.15832/ankutbd.1067297

View : 15 | Download : 7

Publication Date : 2023-03-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Bee bread is fermented and naturally preserved pollen that is enriched with digestive enzymes and organic acids from both honey and the salivary gland secretions of honeybees. As yet, there is insufficient information concerning which bacteria and yeasts are involved in the fermentation. This study seeks to determine the contents of microorganisms in fresh and dry bee bread samples and to ascertain the antimicrobial resistance of these isolated microorganisms. Fresh and dry bee bread samples were obtained from 8 different colonies that were cultivated in suitable medium to reproduction the aerobic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, and fungi. The isolated strains in bee bread samples were identified by conventional and MALDI-TOF MS methods. The minimal inhibitory concentrations insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(MIC); of the antimicrobial agents for strains were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(CLSI);. The 34 strains were isolated from fresh bee bread samples. There were no microrganisms reproduced in the dried bee bread samples. The 34 isolated strains were; Aspergillus spp. insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(12);, Rhizopus oryzae insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(6);, Mucor circinelloides insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1);, Bipolaris insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(2);, Trichoderma insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(3);, Paecilomyces variotii insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1);, Penicillium chrysogenum insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1);, Kodamaea ohmeri insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1);, Bacillus altitudinis/pumilus insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(3);, Bacillus licheniformis insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1);, B. megaterium insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1);, Micrococcus luteus insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1); and Serratia marcescens insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1);. The MIC values of itraconazole insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(IT);, voriconazole, anidulafungin insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(AND);, and caspofungin insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(CS); for Mucor and Rhizopus strains were higher insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(≥32 μg/mL);, with the exception of amphamphotericin B posaconazole. All antifungal agents had lower MIC values compared to the Aspergillus, Bipolaris, P. variotii, and K. ohmeri strains. The trichoderma strains had low MIC values insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(≤0.50 μg/mL);, with the exception of IT. The P. chrysogenum strains were found to have low MIC value insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(≤0.25 μg/mL); compared to posaconazole, AND, and CS. In this study, there were no microorganisms reproduce in the dried bee bread samples stored under suitable conditions. In addition, it was concluded that yeast, mold, and bacteria isolated in fresh bee bread samples may be resistant to antibiotics and antifungal drugs.
Keywords : Perga, Bacteria, Yeast, Molds, Antimicrobial susceptibility