Seasonal fluctuations in phthalates’ contamination in pond water: A case study

Authors : Sneh RAJPUT, Arpna KUMARİ, Ritika SHARMA, Vishnu D. RAJPUT, Tatiana MİNKİNA, Saroj ARORA, Rajinder KAUR

Pages : 19-27

Doi:10.18393/ejss.1181205

View : 17 | Download : 5

Publication Date : 2023-01-01

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, reported to cause deformities and reproductive damages in animals. Numerous studies reported the presence of phthalates in water samples of rivers, wetlands, and estuaries, while the scenario in case of ponds is different, however they are reported as an integral part of biosphere. In this study, the level of phthalates’ contamination in the water samples collected from the different ponds of Amritsar district for four consecutive seasons in two years was analysed. The maximal level of phthalate contamination was found in samples collected during the monsoon season insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(July 2015); of first year of sampling followed by post-monsoon insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(October 2015); and winter season insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(January 2016);. S8 sampling site was found to be the most phthalate contaminated site followed by S1=S11>S2=S9=S4=S5=S7>S6=S3>S10. Benzyl butyl phthalate was most abundant insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(found in 32% water samples); followed by di-n-butyl and dimethyl phthalate, while diallyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate were not detected. The two main drivers for these seasonal variations were observed to be temperature and precipitation. Hence, this data will be useful to explain the temporal and spatial distributions of phthalates in aquatic ecosystem, as well as to devise cost-effective ways to reduce their ecological footprints.
Keywords : Ponds, endocrine disruptor, plasticizers, priority contaminants, HPLC analysis