Baseline Concentrations of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in A Tropical City with Introduced Traffic Control Measures

Authors : Justina UKPEBOR, Wayne OMAGAMRE, Bamidele ABAYODE, Charles UNUİGBE, Edward DİBİE, Emmanuel UKPEBOR

Pages : 17-27

View : 10 | Download : 5

Publication Date : 2021-06-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Fine atmospheric particles insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PM2.5); and coarse particles insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PM10);, have been reported as major contributors to the low life expectancy of 54 years in Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa. This study was designed to provide baseline data on PM2.5 and PM10 levels in Benin City, wherein traffic control measures have recently been introduced. A light scattering approach insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Cel – 712 Microdust Pro Real – time Dust Monitor); was employed for the PM quantification. The average PM2.5 concentration obtained insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(31.48µgm-3); was found to be higher than the WHO threshold limit insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(25 µgm-3); by a factor of 1.25. At 60% of the sampling sites, the WHO 50 µgm-3regulatory limit for PM10 was also violated, with a city range of 21.4 – 57.8 µgm-3. Spatial variations in the PM fractions were statistically significant insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(p<0.05);. The source identification and apportionment studies by Principal Component Analysis insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PCA); and Multiple Linear Regression insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(MLR); suggested that motor vehicles were the major source of PM2.5 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(77.3%); and PM10 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(70%); in the city with the remainder coming from refuse combustion. The average on–road respiratory deposition dose insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(RDD); rates analysis estimated that 6.96% of the measured PM were deposited in the tracheobronchial region, 12.36% in the alveolar and 78.86% in the head airway of the commuters and pedestrians in the city.
Keywords : Particulate matter, baseline, background, traffic control measure