- International Journal of Sport Culture and Science
- Volume:5 Issue:3
- A Decade of Referee Bias against College Football Programs from Historically Black Colleges and Univ...
A Decade of Referee Bias against College Football Programs from Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors : Andrew DIX
Pages : 197-212
View : 9 | Download : 7
Publication Date : 2017-09-30
Article Type : Research Paper
Abstract :The central objective of this investigation was to examine within game penalties that were levied against football programs from historically black colleges and universities insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(HBCUs); in the United States. Previous scholarship that sets an appropriate background on sports science and culture has revealed that referee bias has occurred in many European sports. It was in the methods section of this scholarship that statistical analyses were discussed in terms of game day penalties that occurred within the Football Championship Subdivision insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(FCS); of the National Collegiate Athletic Association insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(NCAA); from the 2006 through the 2015 season. The results illustrated that referees penalized football teams from historically black college and universities insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(HBCUs); significantly more than football teams from predominantly white institutions insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PWIs);. An interpretation of this quantitative data was subsequently completed and Expectancy Violations Theory insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(EVT); was appropriately spotlighted in the discussion section of this study in an effort to assign meaning to the analytics of interest.Keywords : referee bias, football, race, penalties, Expectancy Violations Theory