Unveiling the phytochemical variability of fatty acids in world marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) germplasm affected by genotype

Authors : Muzaffer BARUT, Leyla Sezen TANSI, Şengül KARAMAN

Pages : 639-649

Doi:10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.18

View : 54 | Download : 49

Publication Date : 2023-09-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Marigold is an annual herbaceous medicinal and aromatic plant, native to the Mediterranean region. Although marigold flowers have attracted considerable attention, the noteworthy characteristics of marigold seeds have often been overlooked. The industrial sector holds keen interest in marigold due to the presence of calendic acid in its seeds. Moreover, calendic acid exhibits promising anti-cancer properties, adding to the growing interest in the medicinal potential of this plant. In this study, a total of 31 marigold genotype seeds from fifteen different countries were used as experimental material. The observed seed oil content exhibited a range of values spanning from 6.00% to 20.33%, with a mean value of 11.59%. GC/MS analysis was conducted to evaluate the chemical variability associated with genotypic changes. Notably, the main fatty acids observed in the oil of these genotypes were α-calendic acid insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(ranging from 6.91% to 51.42%);, linoleic acid insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(ranging from 30.50% to 48.25%);, oleic acid insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(ranging from 8.26% to 22.50%);, and palmitic acid insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(ranging from 3.86% to 9.28%);. Particularly noteworthy is the emergence of genotypes PI 420376, PI 545694, PI 545701, PI 578109, PI 597588, PI 597591, and PI 597594, boasting calendic acid content exceeding 50%. Furthermore, the values of calendic acid exhibit significant variation across countries. The range extends from the United Kingdom, displaying one of the lower values, to Ontario, Canada, which represents countries with notably higher values. Consequently, there exists a necessity to enhance the proportion of calendic acid within marigold through strategic plant breeding techniques. This can be achieved through the selection and development of marigold cultivars with higher calendic acid contents.
Keywords : Calendic acid, Genotype, Fatty acid profiles, Plant genetic diversity, Polyunsaturated fatty acids