Pathological and biochemical investigation of the effects of l-carnitine and gemfibrozil on peroxisome proliferator activated Receptors (PPARS) and lipidosis in rabbits on a high-fat diet

Authors : Mehmet ÇİTİL, Recai TUNCA, Erdoğan UZLU, Mahmut KARAPEHLİVAN, Yasemen ADALI, Kürşat YAPAR, Hüseyin Avni EROĞLU, Ekin Emre ERKILIÇ, Mustafa MAKAV, Hidayet Metin ERDOĞAN

Pages : 346-360

Doi:10.31797/vetbio.1136444

View : 15 | Download : 5

Publication Date : 2022-12-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Obesity and fatty liver is a widespread growing health problem in human with detrimental consequences that encouraged researchers to find ways to overcome it. In this study, gemfibrozil and L-carnitine were evaluated in prevention of obesity and hepatic lipidosis also the role of L-carnitine in avoiding side effects of gemfibrozil was investigated. The study involved 56 New-Zealand Albino rabbits, divided into 2 main groups and then subdivided into 4 equal groups insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(n=7);. The groups I insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(normal diet);, II insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(normal diet+gemfibrozil);, III insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(normal diet+L-carnitine); and IV insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(normal diet+gemfibrozil+L-carnitine); received normal diet and the groups V insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(fat rich diet);, VI insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(fat rich diet+gemfibrozil);, VII insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(fat rich diet+L-carnitine); and VIII insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(fat rich diet+gemfibrozil+L-carnitine); received fat rich diet for 8 weeks. Animals were blood sampled and wieght weekly during the experiment and at the end of the experiment for determination of biochemical insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(HDL, High-density lipoproteins; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein; ALT, Alanine amino transferase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, Gamma glutamyltransferase; GLDH, Glutamate lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase); and oxidative stress insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(MDA, Malondialdehyde; GSH, Reduced gluthation; NO, Nitric oxide; SOD, Superoxide dismutase); parameters. All rabbits were euthanised for histopathological examination and for distrubition of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PPARs); in tissues by immunohystochemistry. Liver enzymes increased in fat rich diet group throughout the study. Addition of gemfibrozil and L-carnitin in fat rich diet resulted in statistically significant decreasein lipid profile when compared to those only received fat rich diet. Beta oxidation of fat rich diet group was significantly higher than that of groups additionally received gemfibrozil and L-carnitine. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in PPAR PPAR-α and β but not PPAR-γ expression in fat rich diet group. On the contrary L-carnitin administration did have any effect on tissue PPAR expression. PPAR-α expression differed between groups received gemfibrozil and fat rich diet and those did not. Fat rich diet increased MDA level while decreased GSH and catalase. Addition of gemfibrozil and L-carnitine to fat rich diet significantly decreased MDA level and increased antioxidants. The most marked macroscopy finding was abdominal fat increase in fat rich diet group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(group V);. On the other hand gemfibrozil administration resulted in significant abdominal fat decrease. Furthermore decreased abdominal fat was marked in gemfibrozil and L-carnitine given animals insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(group VIII); when compared to other groups. In conclusion, gemfibrozil and L-carnitine administration alleviated abdominal and hepatic fattening and improved lipid profile. Gemfibrozil also caused a significant increase in PPAR-α expression in the liver. It may be of use in avoiding abdominal fat insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(obesity); due to high fat by use of gemfibrozil, a synthetic PPAR-a ligand, and L-carnitine.
Keywords : Gemfibrozil, hepatic lipidosis, L carnitine, obesity, PPARs, rabbits