Reliability of antibody tests for COVID-19 diagnosis

Authors : Nilay COPLU, Cetin KILINC, Aysegul GOZALAN, Busra CALISIR, Cemile SONMEZ, Mustafa Muhammet GUL, Zeynep AYGUN AHLATCIOGLU

Pages : 93-98

Doi:10.5472/marumj.1245068

View : 15 | Download : 5

Publication Date : 2023-01-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Objective: The reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction test insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(RT-PCR); is the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(COVID-19);, and antibody tests are useful as supplemental tools for diagnosis, for measuring the population’s immunity levels, and for checking infection in asymptomatic contacts. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of five commercial antibody detection test kits. Materials and Methods: The reliability of the Colloidal Gold COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Kit, Antibody Rapid Test Hotgen, Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., China);, Abbott Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Illinois, USA);, Roche Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland);, Siemens Chemiluminescence insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Munich, Germany);, and Euroimmun ELISA insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Lübeck, Germany); for COVID-19 diagnosis was studied. The antibody-negative group included 50 sera from 2018, and the antibody-positive group included 98 patients with positive RT-PCR results from whom blood samples had been collected 3–9 weeks after hospital discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA);. The antibody tests’ validity and intra-assay reproducibility were examined, and the Cohen’s kappa coefficients were obtained. The disease prevalence was pegged at 10%. Results: The antibody tests’ sensitivity insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(69.12–72.46%); and positive predictive values insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(42.44–100.0%); were low, and their specificity insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(89.58–100%); and negative predictive values insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(96.31–97.03%); were high. Their accuracy rates varied from 87.54% to 97.25%, and their intra-assay coefficients of variation varied from 1% to 10%. Conclusion: The agreement between the results of the antibody detection test kits was higher when the kits were classified according to the targeted antigens. The time of blood sample collection, targeted antigens, and antibody types affected the results. Serological tests were found to be useful, and the commercial kits were found to be largely reliable, although, some parameters need to be improved.
Keywords : COVID 19, Antibody, Validity, Chemiluminescent, Electrochemiluminescence, ELISA