Phylogeographical studies of Glycine soja: implicating the refugium during the Quaternary glacial period and large-scale expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum

Authors : Yunsheng WANG, Muhammad Qasim SHAHID, Faheem Shahzad BALOCH

Pages : 825-838

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Publication Date : 2016-12-01

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Wild soybean insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.);, the progenitor of cultivated soybean insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Glycine max insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(L.); Merr.);, is widely distributed in the Sino-Japanese Floristic Region insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(SJFR);. Therefore, it is an excellent model organism to study the effect of Quaternary climatic changes on the distribution and migration of plant taxa in the SJFR. To investigate the phylogeography of G. soja, a total of 632 individuals representing 52 populations throughout the species distribution range were genotyped by using the sequencing data of a nuclear locus, AF105221, and a chloroplast locus, trnQ-rps16. We detected a total of 23 haplotypes from two loci, including five common and 18 rare haplotypes. Among them, 17 rare haplotypes were limited to Northeast Asia insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Northeast China insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(NEC); and Korea); and the Yangzi River basin insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(middle and downstream of the Yangzi River insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(MDYR); and the eastern end of Southwest China insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(SWC););. Moreover, two common haplotypes were detected throughout the species distribution wide range. All the haplotypes from Japan and the Korean peninsula were also found in China. The haplotype distribution patterns of the two loci suggested that Northeast Asia insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(NEC and Korea); and the Yangzi River basin insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(MDYR and the eastern end of SWC); might have been the refugia for G. soja during the Quaternary glacial period, and G. soja expanded rapidly after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. There was a land bridge between East China, the Korean peninsula, and Japan that permitted gene flow among populations of these regions in the ice age during the Quaternary.
Keywords : Conservation, phylogeography, Pleistocene glaciation, population genetic structure, wild soybean