The effect of starting material types on the structure of graphene oxide and graphene

Authors : Filiz BORAN, Sevil Çetinkaya GÜRER

Pages : 1322-1335

View : 20 | Download : 8

Publication Date : 0000-00-00

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :In this study, the effects of starting material types on graphene oxide insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(GO); are reported with the aim of developing graphene insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(GR); synthesis. The GOs were prepared from natural graphite insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(NG); powder and graphite nanoplate insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(GNp); based on the Hummers method. Two kinds of GR were successfully synthesized using GOs, which were prepared from NG and GNp in the presence of hydrazine and ammonia for 24 h at a 100 $^{\circ}$C reaction temperature. The synthesized GOs and GRs were characterized by X-ray diffraction insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(XRD); techniques, Fourier transform infrared, high-contrast transmission electron microscopy insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(HCTEM);, dispersive Raman spectroscopic analyses, and elemental analyses. HCTEM analyses of GOs and GRs exhibited largely folded, convoluted, and entwined GO and GR structures. The XRD and Raman analyses showed that the number of layers of GO1, GO2, GR1, and GR2 were 9.27, 13.53, 4.11, and 5.26, respectively. On the other hand, GR1, prepared from NG powder, showed much higher quality insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(peak intensities insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(I$_{D}$/I$_{G});$ = 1.53, C/O = 3.64); than GR2, which was prepared from GNp insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(I$_{D}$/I$_{G\, }$= 1.64, C/O = 3.17);. Thus, this study provides a way to produce higher quality GOs and GRs.
Keywords : Hummers method, graphene, graphene oxide, graphite nanoplate, thermal shocking