Diselementosis as a risk factor of embryo loss in lactating cows

Authors : Sergey SHABUNIN, Anatoliy NEZHDANOV, Vitaliy MIKHALEV, Elena LOZOVAYA, Anton CHERNITSKIY

Pages : 453-459

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Publication Date : 0000-00-00

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The aim of this research was to reveal the impact of bioelemental status of dairy cows on intrauterine growth restriction and embryo death at early gestation stages. The research included 22 Holstein cows with average annual dairy productivity of 6400-7600 kg. All animals were subjected to transrectal ultrasonography to determine corpus luteum and pregnancy status, and their blood was sampled for biochemical analyses on the 19th-22nd, 28th-32nd, and 38th-45th days of gestation. Zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium blood contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were determined with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Protein-bound iodine was determined spectrophotometrically. Analysis of results was realized based on the character of embryo development: physiological formation insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Group I, n = 9);, growth restriction insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Group II, n = 8);, and death insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Group III, n = 5);. Serum concentrations of Ca, P, and Mg were 2.76-2.84 mmol/L, 1.77-1.92 mmol/L, and 1.13-1.36 mmol/L in range; blood contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se were 40.8-52.7 µmol/L, 15.9-18.7 µmol/L, 2.50-3.43 µmol/L, and 1.23-1.41 µmol/L in range; and protein-bound iodine was 0.32-0.36 µmol/L in Group I. Serum concentration of the studied trace elements was lower in Groups II and III in comparison with Group I. Cows of Group II demonstrated the following indices: calcium content, 2.72-2.79 mmol/L; phosphorus content, 1.79-1.97 mmol/L; magnesium, 0.98-1.09 mmol/L; zinc, 33.8-36.8 µmol/L; copper, 13.9-15.3 µmol/L; manganese, 2.50-2.89 µmol/L; selenium, 1.04-1.11 µmol/L; protein-bound iodine, 0.29-0.37 µmol/L. The difference according to the level of serum Ca reached 4.2%, P 6.8%, and Mg 23.5% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.01);, while according to blood concentration Zn was 30.2% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.001);, Cu 21.6%, Mn 15.2%, Se 26.2% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.05);, and protein-bound iodine 21.3% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.01);. Cows of Group III demonstrated the following indices: calcium content, 2.48-2.56 mmol/L; phosphorus content, 1.74-1.93 mmol/L; magnesium, 0.99-1.02 mmol/L; zinc, 31.2-34.0 µmol/L; copper, 12.2-15.4 µmol/L; manganese, 2.24-3.06 µmol/L; selenium, 1.00-1.03 µmol/L; protein-bound iodine, 0.24-0.30 µmol/L. The differences in comparison with cows of Group I reached 11.4% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.05);, 9.4%, 27.2% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.001);, 35.5% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.001);, 20.6% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.05);, 15.2% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.05);, 29.1% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.05);, and 33.3% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P < 0.001);, respectively. Disorders of trace elements in cows are one of the main reasons for intrauterine growth restriction and embryo death. Primarily it is connected with magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, and iodine deficits that have direct or indirect effects on growth, generation, and differentiation of the cells of the developing embryo. Lactating cows with a high level of milk production demonstrate high risk of diselementosis and consequently embryopathy development. Correction of diselementosis in lactating cows should be considered as one of the ways for solving the problem of their fertility.
Keywords : Cow, lactation, trace elements, embryo development