Anatomic Characteristics and Locations of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus of Domestic Animals

Authors : Osman YILMAZ

Pages : 9-16

View : 13 | Download : 5

Publication Date : 2020-03-10

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Objective: This study aimed to determine the numbers, directions, localizations, diameters, morphometric values of the nutrient foramina insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(NF); in humerus of domestic mammals and to reveal the differences between the right and left humerus in animal species. Materials and methods: In the study, a total of 223 humerus, large ruminants insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(56);, small ruminants insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(60);, equidae insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(29);, sus insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(24);, carnivora-dog insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(42);, and carnivora-cat insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(12);, were examined in Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Van YYU. The numbers, shapes, directions, localization sites and localized surfaces of the NF’s were observed with the naked eye, and recorded. The locations of the NF’s were confirmed by calculating the Foraminal Index insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(FI);. The diameters of the NF’s were measured using 1,2 mm insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(18 Gauge:G);, 0,9 mm insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(20 G);, 0,7 mm insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(22 G);, 0,55 mm insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(24 G);, and 0,1 mm insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(34 G); needles. In animal species, morphometric measurements were taken such as total length of the humerus insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(TLH);, distance between the NF with the proximal end of the humerus insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(NFP);, distance between the NF with the distal end of the humerus insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(NFD);, FI and performed statistical analysis of the measured values. Results: There was found a single NF in 99% of the examined humerus in the study. In general, it was seen that the NF’s were directed downwards, and located in the middle 1/3 with lower 1/3 segments. NF’s were determined to be localized to the facies caudalis in 100% of sus, in 93% of large ruminants and carnivora-dogs, and in 85% of small ruminants; however, in equidae and carnivora-cats were all localized to the margo medialis. According to the statistics, no statistically significant difference insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(p>0.05); was observed between the right and left humerus NF measurement values in terms of morphometric properties. But only, the diameter of the NF in the small ruminants was statistically significant insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(p<0.05);. Conclusion: It was found that the morphological and morphometric differences of NF’s in right and left humerus of domestic mammals. Moreover, in these animals, it is thought that the study may help veterinary clinicians and surgeons in evaluating of the pathological conditions related to humeral NF and planning of the operative applications to be performed in this region.
Keywords : Anatomy, Foraminal indeks, Humerus, Nutrient foramen