Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini: A comparative study of their libretto themes

Authors : Areti Tziboula, Anna Maria Rentzeperi Tsonou

Pages : 1-15

Doi:10.31811/ojomus.1569505

View : 32 | Download : 25

Publication Date : 2025-01-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :This research examines the libretto choices of the pioneer composers of early 19th century Italian opera Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini. It focuses on how historical, cultural, and social factors influenced their work and helped shape Italian opera. Employing a comparative approach, the study analyzes various operas by these composers to reveal how themes, adaptations, and characterizations differ across their librettos. Historical and literary analysis alongside stylistic exploration highlights common themes and innovations. The librettos were largely inspired by classical literature from French and English authors as Belloy, Voltaire and Scott and the German poet Schiller. They were often adapted or dramatized to fit the operatic format. The recurring themes centered on love and hatred, frequently set against historical backdrops or infused into religious contexts. Rossini’s operas range from the Trojan War to the Crusades, Donizetti’s cover nearly all of European history, whereas Bellini’s are primarily set in the Medieval period. Presentation factors like location and audience expectations influenced both the genre and style of operas. Rossini and Donizetti often adapting their works for different theaters and regions. In contrast, Bellini did not adapt his works, focusing only on subjects that inspired him personally. Censorship also impacted storylines and endings. All three composers occasionally engaged with mythological themes reinterpreted with Romantic or supernatural elements. In terms of character development, each composer approached heroines differently. Rossini’s early heroines are gentle, evolving into more complex femme fatale figures. Donizetti presents complex women, such as queens with contrasting roles. Bellini’s female characters often suffer due to the violent or unstable behavior of men. A common feature among all is the “mad scene” reflecting intense emotional strain. Nationalism is subtly addressed, with direct references usually avoided. Regarding opera buffa, Rossini and Donizetti revitalized the genre with contemporary settings and humor. On the contrary Bellini did not engage with it.
Keywords : Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini, 19. yüzyıl İtalyan operası, libretto tematolojisi